Reindeer grazing history determines the responses of subarctic soil fungal communities to warming and fertilization

Composition and functioning of arctic soil fungal communities may alter rapidly due to the ongoing trends warmer temperatures, shifts in nutrient availability, shrub encroachment. In addition, also be intrinsically shaped by heavy grazing, which locally induce an ecosystem change that couples with increased temperature nutrients where encroachment is less likely occur than lightly grazed conditions. We tested how 4 yr experimental warming fertilization affected organic sites decadal history either or light reindeer grazing using high-throughput sequencing internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA region. Grazing largely overrode impacts short-term determining composition communities. The diverse under showed more pronounced responses treatments when compared grazing. Yet, ordination approaches revealed distinct treatment both intensities. If Arctic ecosystems a different state, this shift dictate further abiotic changes. This indicates intensity cannot left out predicting future changes fungi-driven processes tundra.